Studies and Organizations
Reviewing Effectiveness of Workplace Wellness and Prevention Programs
- CDC Workplace Health Promotion
http://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/index.htm- “The workplace and the health of the workers within it are inextricably linked. Ideally, workplaces should not only protect the safety and wellbeing of employees but also provide them opportunities for better long-term health and enhanced quality of life. Effective workplace programs, policies, and environments which are health-focused and worker-centered have the potential to significantly benefit employers, employees, their families, and communities.”
- The Community Guide
www.thecommunityguide.org- The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends worksite programs intended to improve diet and/or physical activity behaviors based on strong evidence of their effectiveness for reducing weight among employees.
- National Business Group on Health
www.businessgrouphealth.org- "Prevention makes good business sense. By preventing illness and disability, employers can help ensure a healthy, productive and engaged workforce."
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/worklife/- “Some scientists have explored the benefits of workplace-based interventions that take coordinated or integrated approaches to diminishing health threats to workers in and out of work. A growing body of evidence indicates that these approaches are more effective in protecting and improving worker health and well-being than traditional isolated programs.”
- Partnership for Prevention: Investing in Health
www.prevent.org- "Healthier workers can help control healthcare costs as, over time, costly serious illnesses are prevented and existing ones are better managed. A healthy workforce can improve overall employee productivity, as well as employee satisfaction and retention."
- President Obama’s Speech on Health Care Reform.
New York Times. 2009 Jun 15. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/15/health/policy/15obama.text.html?_r=1=policy
- “Building a health care system that promotes prevention rather than just managing diseases will require all of us to do our part. It will take doctors telling us what risk factors we should avoid and what preventive measures we should pursue. And it will take employers following the example of places like Safeway that is rewarding workers for taking better care of their health while reducing health care costs in the process.”
- Trust for America’s Health (TFAH), July 2008 Report
http://healthyamericans.org/reports/prevention08/Prevention08.pdf
- “By investing $10 per person per year in proven community-based programs to increase physical activity, improve nutrition, and prevent smoking and other tobacco use, the country could save more than $16 billion annually within five years. That’s a return of $5.60 for every dollar spent.”
- Workplace Wellness Programs Can Generate Savings
Baicker, K., Cutler, D., and Song, Z., Health Affairs 29, No. 2 (2010) http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2010/01/14/hlthaff.2009.0626.full
- “On average, employee health care costs fell by $3.27 for every $1.00 spent on employee wellness programs.”
Additional Studies
- Aldana S. Financial impact of health promotion programs: a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Health Promot. 2001;15 (5):296–320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11502012.
- Blumenthal D. Employer-sponsored health insurance in the United States—origins and implications. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(1):82–8. http://healthpolicyandreform.nejm.org/?p=11500.
- Bly JL, Jones RC, Richardson JE. Impact of worksite health promotion on health care costs and utilization. Evaluation of Johnson & Johnson’s Live for Life program. JAMA. 1986;256(23):3235–40. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/256/23/3235.short.
- Capps K, Harkey JB. Employee health and productivity management programs: the use of incentives [Internet]. Lyndhurst (NJ): National Association of Manufacturers, ERISA Industry Council, and IncentOne; 2008 [cited 2010 Jan 8]. Available from: http://www.incentone.com/files/2008-SurveyResults.pdf.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Preventing Obesity and Chronic Diseases Through Good Nutrition and Physical Activity,” revised August 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/Prevention/pdf/obesity.pdf.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses – United States 2000-2004,” MMWR 57(45), November 18, 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “The Burden of Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: National and State Perspectives 2004,” 2004. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/burdenbook2004/pdf/burden_book2004.pdf.
- Chapman LS. Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies: 2005 update. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19(6):1–11. http://fhs.mcmaster.ca/ceb/community_medicine_page/docs/meta%20evaluation%20of%20worksite%20health%20promotion.pdf.
- Culyer AJ, Newhouse JP. Handbook of health economics. 1st ed. Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; 2000.
- DeVol, R. and A. Bedroussian, et al. “An Unhealthy America: The Economic Burden of Chronic Disease,” October 2007. http://www.chronicdiseaseimpact.com/.
- Fries JF, Harrington H, Edwards R, Kent LA, Richardson N. Randomized controlled trial of cost reductions from a health education program: the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (PERS) study. Am J Health Promot. 1994;8(3):216–23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10146667.
- Getting healthy, with a little help from the boss. New York Times. 2009 May 22. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/23/health/23patient.html.
- Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. The health and cost benefits of work site health-promotion programs. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:303–23. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090930
- Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research and Public Opinion Strategies for Trust for America’s Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, “Americans Rank Prevention as Most Important Health Reform Priority,” May 18, 2009. http://healthyamericans.org/assets/files/health-reform-poll-memo.pdf.
- Huskamp H, Rosenthal MB. Health risk appraisals: how much do they influence employees’ health behavior?. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19738273.
- Leigh JP, Richardson N, Beck R, Kerr C, Harrington H, Parcell CL, et al. Randomized controlled study of a retiree health promotion program. The Bank of America Study. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152 (6):1201–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1599348.
- Lightwood, J.M. and S.A. Glantz, “Short-Term Economic and Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation – Myocardial Infarction and Stroke,” 1997, Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/96/4/1089.
- Linnan L, Bowling M, Childress J, Lindsay G, Blakey C, Pronk S, et al. Results of the 2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(8):1503–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048790.
- Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007;298(20):2415–7. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/298/20/2415.full.
- McPeck W, Ryan M, Chapman LS. Bringing wellness to the small employer. Am J Health Promot. 2009;23(5):1–10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445440.
- Nicholson S, Pauly MV, Polsky D, Baase CM, Billotti GM, Ozminkowski RJ, et al. How to present the business case for healthcare quality to employers. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2005. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/papers/1303.pdf http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.09093.
- Ostbye, E. et al, “Obesity and Workers’ Compensation: Results for the Duke Health and Safety Surveillance System,” 2004, Archives of Internal Medicine 167, no. 8. http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/167/8/766.
- Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, Goetzel RZ, Cantor RI, Murnane J, Harrison M., A return on investment evaluation of the Citibank, N.A., health management program. Am J Health Promot. 1999;14(1):31–43.
- Steinbrook R., Health care and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. N Engl J Med. 2009;360 (11):1057–60. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0900665.
- Thorpe, K. and D. Howard, “The Rise In Spending Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The Role of Chronic Disease Prevalence and Changes in Treatment Intensity,” 2006, Health Affairs, 25, no. 5. http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/25/5/w378.full.
- Trust for America’s Health, “Blueprint for a Healthier America,” October 2008. http://healthyamericans.org/report/55/blueprint-for-healthier-america.
- Trust for America’s Health, “Prevention for a Healthier America: Investments in Disease Prevention Yield Significant Savings, Stronger Communities,” February 2009. http://healthyamericans.org/reports/prevention08/.
- Trust for America’s Health, “A Healthier America: Top Ten Priorities for Prevention,” March 2008. http://healthyamericans.org/pages/?id=126.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “About Healthy People.” www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/default.aspx.
- Volpp KG, John LK, Troxel AB, Norton L, Fassbender J, Loewenstein G. Financial incentive based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300 (22):2631–7. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/300/22/2631.full.pdf.
- Volpp KG, Troxel AB, Pauly MV, Glick HA, Puig A, Asch DA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2009;360 (7):699–709. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0806819.